Basic Information About Maps

We see them every day, we use them when we travel, and we refer to them often, but what is a map? Map Defined A map is defined as a representation, usually on a flat surface, of a whole or part of an area. The job of a map is to describe spatial relationships of specific features that the map aims to represent. There are many different types of maps that attempt to represent specific things. Maps can display political boundaries, population, physical features, natural resources, roads, climates, elevation (topography), and economic activities. Maps are produced by cartographers. Cartography refers both the study of maps and the process of map-making. It has evolved from basic drawings of maps to the use of computers and other technologies to assist in making and mass producing maps. Is a Globe a Map? A globe is a map. Globes are some of the most accurate maps that exist. This is because the earth is a three-dimensional object that is close to spherical. A globe is an accurate representation of the spherical shape of the world. Maps lose their accuracy because they are actually projections of a part of or the entire Earth. Map Projections There are several types of map projections, as well as several methods used to achieve these projections. Each projection is most accurate at its center point and becomes more distorted the further away from the center that it gets. The projections are generally named after either the person who first used it, the method used to produce it, or a combination of the two. Some common types of map projections include: MercatorTransverse MercatorRobinsonLambert Azimuthal Equal AreaMiller CylindricalSinusoidal Equal AreaOrthographicStereographicGnomonicAlbers Equal Area Conic In-depth explanations of how the most common map projections are made can be found on this USGS website, complete with diagrams and explanations of uses and advantages to each. Mental Maps The term mental map refers to the maps that arent actually produced and just exist in our minds. These maps are what allow us to remember the routes that we take to get somewhere. They exist because people think in terms of spatial relationships and vary from person to person because they are based on ones own perception of the world. Evolution of Maps Maps have changed in many ways since maps were first used. The earliest maps that have withstood the test of time were made on clay tablets. Maps were produced on leather, stone, and wood. The most common medium for producing maps on is, of course, paper. Today, however, maps are produced on computers, using software such as GIS or Geographic Information Systems. The way maps are made has also changed. Originally, maps were produced using land surveying, triangulation, and observation. As technology advanced, maps  were made using aerial photography, and then eventually remote sensing, which is the process used today. The appearance of maps has evolved along with their accuracy. Maps have changed from basic expressions of locations  to works of art, extremely accurate, mathematically produced maps. Map of the World Maps are generally accepted as precise and accurate, which is true  but only to a point. A map of the entire world, without distortion of any kind, has yet to be produced; therefore it is vital that one questions where that distortion is on the map that they are using.

John Steinbeck s Grapes Of Wrath Essay - 1006 Words

Identify one of John Steinbeck’s themes in Grapes of Wrath. Using in-text citations, analyze how three scenes clearly convey this theme. One of John Steinbeck’s themes in the novel Grapes of Wrath is the irresistible need for familial replacement. Whenever a family member of the Joads dies or departs from the family, they are not able to compensate emotionally and therefore resort to replacing the family member with a stranger from the road. He first conveys this theme when the Joads pick up the Wilsons in Chapter 13, when Grampa dies. As he dies, the Joads feel an almost primal urge to replace him, to help others in payment for his death. And so, on page 148, they decide to pick up the Wilsons and bring them to California: â€Å"Joads and Wilsons crawled westward together as a unit† (page 163). However, when the Wilsons are no longer able to carry on, the family also suffers another two losses. Granma dies and Noah stays behind, convinced he can make a living by himself. The family is crushed, but since they are unable to mourn, they seek out emotional compensation from strangers. On page 243, the Joads land in Hooverville, a small town with many camping families seeking a new life in California. Al finds a friend in Floyd Knowles, who lends the Joads a tip about work up in Santa Clara valley. Before the family can decide whether or not to travel 200 miles, Floyd aggravates a police officer for existing. Casy takes the blame, and the preacher is carted away from the Joads. FloydShow MoreRelatedThe Steinbeck s The Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck4043 Words   |  17 PagesSet in the swallowing depression of the 1920’s, The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck provides a hallowing, realistic view into the plight of the proletariat farmer and the exploitation that was all too common during the Great Depression by major corporations. Steinbeck’s literary work serves as a window into the world of the great depression by not only providing a narrative history of the era, but also giving faces to the nameless victims through the characters of Tom Joad, the lead protagonistRe ad MoreJohn Steinbeck s The Grapes Of Wrath1414 Words   |  6 Pages†¢ John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath (1939) contains anticapitalistic sentiments which force the reader to question whether capitalism is responsible for the death of the American Dream, even questioning if that dream in fact exists. To explore this further, this essay will examine a number of John Steinbeck’s works in addition to the primary text. To gain a better understanding of a capitalist society, the essay will focus on how society was affected by the economy, industrialisation, and KarlRead MoreAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s The Grapes Of Wrath 1594 Words   |  7 Pages John Steinbeck was born in 1902 in Salinas, California. After he graduated high school, he attended Stanford University, but never graduated. In 1925 Steinbeck went to New York to establish himself as a free-lance writer for a little while, but it didn’t work out so he went back to California. He published a few short stories and novels for a while. Then in 1935 he was discovered with Tortilla Flat, a series of humorous stories. Steinbeck’s novels are based on economic problems of labor. AfterRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s The Grapes Of Wrath And Jeannette Walls954 Words   |  4 PagesFamily Matters Different circumstances shape people into who they will become. This is relevant in both books, John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath and Jeannette Walls’ The Glass Castle. Both the Joad and Walls families faced adversities but makes it through them stronger. The two families move from place to place and greatly struggle financially. The value of family and lessons that can be learned from them is prevalent in both novels. The attributes that enable both the Joad and Walls familiesRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s The Grapes Of Wrath And Jeannette Walls951 Words   |  4 PagesFamily Matters Different circumstances shape people into who they will become. This is relevant in both books, John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath and Jeannette Walls’ The Glass Castle. Both the Joad and Walls families faced adversities but made it through them stronger. The two families move from place to place and greatly struggled financially. The value of family and lessons that can be learned from them is prevalent in both novels. The attributes that enabled both the Joad and Walls familiesRead MoreAlienation, A Theme in John Steinbeck ´s The Grapes of Wrath625 Words   |  3 Pages Grapes of Wrath: Alienation In Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck reveals the assumptions and moral values of Californian society in the 1930s by narrating the tale through the eyes of Tom Joad. Tom and his family are evicted from their homes by the bank because the drought had diminished the profitability of the land. They join numerous other migrants on Route 66, hoping for a better life in California. Both the rich Californian landowners and the Californian workers alienate the migrant familiesRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men And The Grapes Of Wrath 2124 Words   |  9 Pagesfind a better life. John Steinbeck traveled around the country and worked as an unskilled laborer, working in the shoes of those he would later write about. Although Steinbeck grew up in a middle-class family in Salinas, California, he came to recognize the toils and hardships of laborers when he was a high school student, as he worked on a sugar beet farm alongside migrant workers. The bleak human condition of loneliness a nd the importance of community is shown throughout John Steinbeck’s novelsRead MoreAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s The Grapes Of Wrath And Of Mice And Men 1433 Words   |  6 Pagesimportant things in life are love and beauty, which bring joy to the process of living. These answers are the philosophy of John Steinbeck † (Benson 555). John Steinbeck was a major American writer who has written many books, which have come to be known as classic American stories. Examples of these classic stories are The Grapes of Wrath, The Red Pony, and Of Mice and Men. John Steinbeck is worthy of the praise he has received for his contributions to American literature because he added a new genre asRead MoreAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s The Grapes Of Wrath 1554 Words   |  7 Pagescontrast the novel and the movie to show how the messages can be changed when they are put into different medium. After finishing the novel and the movie I would point out that The Grapes of Wrath Novel by John Steinbeck is does a better job capturing an image plus showing messages from back then than the movie by John Ford in many ways. The novel demonstrated various significant rhetorical messages that can be found that were not in the movie, although the novel and the movie had many significantRead MoreComparing John Steinbeck s Mice And Men And The Grapes Of Wrath1126 Words   |  5 PagesComparing and Contrasting Steinbeck John Steinbeck is a famous author known for many of his short stories, as well as the books Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath. His works have been studied and analyzed often because of his unique ability to create symbolism from small amounts of text. â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† is a short story written by John Steinbeck, and was first published in 1939. It tells the story of a woman who feels she is capable of completing any task a man can, but is set back by

Foundation of Nursing Kidney Diseases

Question: Discuss about theFoundation of Nursingfor Kidney Diseases. Answer: Introduction In the current times, there have emerged various communicable and non-communicable diseases. Most of the non-communicable diseases such as cancer, kidney diseases, and diabetes among others are associated largely with the lifestyle of the affected individuals. In this era of modernization and globalization, people engage in less vigorous activities or exercise a factor that leads to weight gain and obesity in the majority of the people. The healthy weight of an individual can be classified depending on their body mass index (BMI). The normal ranges of BMI are between 17.5 and 24.9 kg/m2 (Rippe Angelopoulos, 2012). Body mass indexes above these ranges indicate that a person is either overweight or obese. According to Haslam and Wittert (2014), obesity has increased significantly by more than 100% since 1980 globally. It is stipulated that by 2014, more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight worldwide. Among these, more than a third of them were obese. Obesity is associated with a nu mber of diseases that majorly include cardiovascular disorders and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, obesity may lead to loss of self-esteem, self-confidence and general productivity of an individual due to reduced mobility and inactivity (Rippe Angelopoulos, 2012). However, management through lifestyle modification can aide in the prevention of obesity and other related diseases. Lifestyle change can be achieved through health education provision to the affected individuals by health care providers. Notably, the effectiveness of the training offered depends on the clients developmental stage (Murtagh, 2013). Therefore this writing focuses on how various developmental and learning theories can be utilized by health care providers to effectively manage lifestyle conditions such as obesity while considering the developmental stage of an individual, through assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluation of a teaching plan. Assessment According to Piagets cognitive developmental theory, Grace who has an age of 44 years is at the sixth stage, formal operational stage. In this stage she has abstract reasoning, a factor that has helped in her associating obesity with detrimental effects on her health (LeCroy Anthony, 2015). Additionally, in this cognitive developmental stage, she can consider the possible outcomes of actions on her health, and therefore it contributes to the shaping of her health seeking behaviors. Health seeking behaviors have a significant impact on the health of an individual as it determines the time of seeking health services, duration and adherence to prescribed therapies. Moreover, at this stage, one can analyze a health risk or problem and solve it in a logical and systematic manner. Therefore, this helps a nurse to work collaboratively with the client in solving the primary problem and thus contributing to improved health. However, it is the responsibility of the nurse to assess the cogniti ve developmental stage of an individual not only based on age but also on other factors as some people never reach formal operational stage regardless of their advanced age (Romano, 2015). As mentioned, it is imperative for the nurse to assess the client based on their developmental stage to identify the specific needs. According to Erik Eriksons psychosocial theory, Grace is at the stage of generativity versus stagnation in which people aged between 40 and 64 years exhibit the same needs that are supposed to be achieved for a person to successfully move to the next stage without stagnation (Newman Newman, 2016). Stagnation is an indication of poor health that may affect emotional, social, mental and physical aspects of an individual. A sense of productivity, achievement, and satisfaction can only ensue in Graces case if she can successfully contribute positively to self, family, and community, a phenomenon that makes her life count. Thus the primary focus her health is in her family, work, relationships with others and society. Some conditions can prevent a person from meeting the central tasks of this middle adulthood. Obesity can deter Grace from moving through thi s stage successfully as it limits ones movement from one place to another, reduces productivity and affects the social relationships due to reduced self-esteem (Zhang, Juan, Middlestadt, Susan Cheng-Ye, 2011). Firstly, obesity as the primary concern of Grace may not enable her to express love to her school age children through guiding them to perform certain activities such as household chores and sports among others. Consequently, the children may not develop to be responsible adults as required from their developmental level that requires them to learn various skills and gain academic and social competencies like their peers (Sa?enz, 2015). Secondly, she is supposed to maintain health patterns to successfully move though her current stage of which she may stagnate if she develops chronic diseases whose etiology is obesity such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Thirdly, she may not develop a sense of unity with family, friends and other relatives as it may experience reduced mo bility and therefore preventing her from attending social functions and interacting with others. In the same way, she may not effectively perform required activities to make a comfortable home and in her working environment, factors that can lead to lack of pride in self-accomplishments. She may also not use her leisure time in a creative manner due to the physical and emotional health limitations that are attributed to obesity and reduced self-esteem. Lastly, at this stage, she is expected to reverse roles with aging parents if any, but in Graces case it may be difficult to achieve this as she is equally faced with challenges that may deter her from achieving the roles she is supposed to perform. Thus she cannot establish balance between various life aspects as required in the genital stage of Sigmund Freuds psychosexual development (Weber Kelley, 2014). Notably, she has enough motivation for wellness as well as having enough time to practice lifestyle changes since she is working on part time basis. In the same way, she has access to a park that can be used for recreational activities including those that can assist in the adoption of healthy lifestyle such as exercises. Nursing Diagnosis Graces health needs require preventive measures because they are primarily, risk for diagnoses.' Based on the assessment data, she has some learning needs. Firstly, she has a risk for overweight related to unhealthy lifestyle practices. Secondly, she has a risk for chronic low self-esteem related to being overweight as evidenced by her verbalization on losing self-esteem and concern about weight. Thirdly, she has a risk for Disturbed body image related to obesity as evidenced by concern about weight gain. Fourthly, she has a risk for ineffective role performance and social interactions related to reduced mobility and lack of attending social functions due to excessive weight gain and low self-esteem. Fifthly, she has a risk for impaired parenting related to activity intolerance as evidenced by progressive weight gain. Lastly and most importantly she has a nursing diagnosis of readiness for enhanced self-health management. Plan By the end of the health education, the client will be able to demonstrate her understanding of the various ways in which she can enhance and sustain her self-esteem by providing a brief summary of the learning session. Secondly, the client should demonstrate progress and improved health over a period of one month by losing weight of at least one kilogram through modification of lifestyle. Implementation As stipulated by Ausubel and Blooms learning theories, learning should start from the known to the unknown and from simple to complex. He noted that new information fits into existing knowledge like key fits into a lock (Aliakbari, Parvin, Heidari Haghani, 2015). Therefore, during the implementation of client teaching and learning, the plan should be considerate of the existing knowledge of the client on the subject matter. Another significant approach that can be used is according to Skinners theory which suggests that learning can be shaped in the desired direction if the behavior is rewarded positively, continuously and immediately. This can be done through motivation, encouragement, praise and being supportive emotionally and psychologically by sharing success stories. A conducive environment that encourages active participation, that accepts the difference in desire, allows people to make mistakes and learn from them should be provided. The client should feel respected and acce pted to facilitate self-discovery and evaluation as well as cooperation. The most appropriate instruction methods to be utilized are verbal explanations which are equivalent to lecture as well as demonstrations (Friedman, Cosby, Boyko, Hatton-Bauer Turnbull, 2011). These are economical and easy to use methods that can be utilized at any given time. Since the interventions entail lifestyle changes that include exercise and nutritional modifications, they can effectively serve the purpose. The client can understand the subject matter better by explanation and observation during demonstration hence allowing the provision of a wide range of knowledge in a limited time. Moreover, it can be used to pace the learners way of learning and make adjustments as necessary. However, before the teaching session, a lesson plan should be prepared collaboratively to set the goals, identify available interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), teaching and learning aids and ways to eval uate the learning (Friedman, Cosby, Boyko, Hatton-Bauer Turnbull, 2011). Evaluation Learning outcomes of the learner/client can be determined through evaluation in some ways. According to Friedman et al. (2011), the effectiveness of teaching process can be noted through questioning during and after the learning session. Similarly, return demonstration can be used instantly to evaluate understanding of the client on the subject matter. The learner can also be asked to provide a summary of the whole learning session by providing the key points learned. This way the nurse can help the learner to understand herself, assist in the retention and transfer of knowledge, provide motivation and judge the learners achievements. Furthermore, the effectiveness of teaching can be determined and provide feedback. In conclusion, learning can be achieved through health education provided based on the developmental and age of an individual. Developmental theories as well as learning theories can be used to adequately assess, diagnose, plan for, implement, and evaluate a teaching and learning education. Teaching approaches methods can also be selected while considering the needs of the client and their level of cognitive, psychosexual and psychosocial development. Therefore, it is imperative that all nurses have knowledge of these essential theorise in an effort to uphold evidence-based practice (EBP). References Aliakbari, F., Parvin, N., Heidari, M., Haghani, F. (January 01, 2015). Learning theories application in nursing education.Journal of Education and Health Promotion,4, 2-27. Friedman, A. J., Cosby, R., Boyko, S., Hatton-Bauer, J., Turnbull, G. (January 01, 2011). Effective Teaching Strategies and Methods of Delivery for Patient Education: A Systematic Review and Practice Guideline Recommendations.Journal of Cancer Education,26,1, 12-21. Haslam, D., Wittert, G. (2014).Fast facts: Obesity. Oxford, England: Health Press LeCroy, C. W., Anthony, E. K. (2015).Case studies in a child, adolescent, and family treatment. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley Sons Murtagh, J. (2013).Murtagh's patient education. North Ryde, New South Wales: McGraw-Hill Newman, B. M., Newman, P. R. (2016).Theories of human development. New York, Psychology Press, Taylor Francis Group Rippe, J. M., Angelopoulos, T. J. (2012).Obesity: Prevention and treatment. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Romano, J. L. (2015).Prevention Psychology: Enhancing Personal and Social Well-Being. Washington, D.C: American Psychological Association. Sa?enz, H. M. (2015).Psychopathology in women: Incorporating gender perspective into descriptive psychopathology. Cham : Springer Weber, J., Kelley, J. (2014).Health assessment in nursing. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams Wilkins Zhang, Juan, Middlestadt, Susan E, Ji, Cheng-Ye. (2011).Psychosocial factors underlying physical activity. (BioMed Central Ltd.) BioMed Central Ltd.

Bull fighting free essay sample

Introduction: For centuries, people have been enjoying of different forms of entertaining, and here in Mexico, it is all about the â€Å"fiestas† and having fun. That’s why, we have adopted several traditions from all over the world. We adopted Halloween from the United States, we adopted salsa dancing from Colombia and Cuba, we even party with alcohol that come directly from Europe. But there’s one thing that doesn’t make me proud of being Mexican an adopting traditions, and that’s adopting bullfightings from Spain. This tradition is as old and popular to us, Mexicans, as soccer, but is has nothing to do with having fun. This essay is not just for ready purposes. This essay is made for people to understand what bullfighting really means and is about. Bullfighting is an act of cruelty that needs to stop immediately. Bullfightings are a tradition that is being talked about all around the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Bull fighting or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This theme has been a huge debate for years now, whether animal lovers are against or traditional people are in favor, this seems to be already kind of a clichà ©. What I want to show is that bullfighting is wrong because it shouldn’t be a clichà ©, and it shouldn’t even be a matter of tastes. Bullfighting is wrong, first of all, because you cannot harm an animal and justify it by saying that it is just a tradition. It’s like killing a baby and saying that it was just a game your family plays during New Year’s Eve. I mean, you just cannot kill an animal in front of thousands of people and pretend to be the hero of the story, because you are only being a hero for the eyes of murderers. Another thing that annoys me is the fact that people just imply that bulls are born for that, for fighting. That argument is as invalid as it sounds, because no animal should ever be raised in order to be tortured. What bulls go through is a lot tougher that people think. The whole performance of the bull being an aggressive monster trying to kill the â€Å"matador† is staged. First of all, bulls aren’t aggressive at all. In fact, they are quite calmed animals. They are only angry at the matador because they have been provoked. The bull that goes on stage is  extremely weak and almost blind. He is also disoriented and scared because of the screams and yelling of the audience. The torture they suffer when no one can watch is a lot worse than the torture they go through at the arena. They are slammed, hit and sometimes even burned. The question here is, would the same people that do that to a bull, be able to do that to their own family? Of course they wouldn’t, but they don’t stop and think of that because they neglect that the bull is alive, and it’s breathing and living just like anybody else. The last argument I’ve come across with is that it doesn’t matter that the bull suffers, because at the end, he was going to die anyways. All I can say is that people cannot keep on living like that, saying that the brutal torture of an animal doesn’t matter at all, because today it can be a bull, but tomorrow, you can talk like that about children or people. Hurting an animal is no less of a crime than hurting a human being. An animal can feel the whole time. They can be afraid and scared to. Not because they are not able to talk or to cry doesn’t mean that they do not feel. An animal is alive, as I have stated previously, and it deserves to be treated the right way. Bull fightings are just the demonstration of humanity going down the hill. Bulls do not deserve to suffer, as any other animal or human being. In conclusion, I consider that bull fightings are wrong because they increase the level of cruelty we have, not only here in Mexico, but also all over the world. Humanity should save animals and be thankful for them, not locking them in an arena and have a bunch of men throwing â€Å"banderillas† at them just for people to be entertained. There is no such thing as feeling entertained for an act of brutality like that. Bull fighting should stop immediately, and people should open their eyes and face the truth. Each year, more than 40,000 bulls slaughtered in stages, in front of hundreds of eyes, but no one seems to care at all. That number needs to decrease, as well as the acts of animal abuse all around the world. We shouldn’t feel pleasure over these kind of performances. We, in fact, shouldn’t feel anything other than disgust and horror. Humanity cannot end up like this, killing bulls just for fun. Let’s open everybody’s eyes and begin a new era. Let’s begin an era where no bulls are being murdered, and no animal is being tortured. Outline: Thesis statement: Bullfighting is an act of cruelty that needs to stop immediately Supporting Argument 1: Bullfightings are a tradition that is being talked about all around the world. Opposing Argument: You cannot harm an animal and justify it by saying that it is just a tradition. Supporting Argument 2. People just imply that bulls are born for that, for fighting. Opposing Argument: Because no animal should ever be raised in order to be tortured. Supporting Argument 3. It doesn’t matter that the bull suffers, because at the end, he was going to die anyways Opposing argument: Hurting an animal is no less of a crime than hurting a human being.

Explain the Problem of Induction- Discuss Two Different Solutions to It. Essays

Explain the Problem of Induction- Discuss Two Different Solutions to It. Essays Explain the Problem of Induction- Discuss Two Different Solutions to It. Essay Explain the Problem of Induction- Discuss Two Different Solutions to It. Essay Explain the problem of induction- Discuss two different solutions to it. The problem of induction is the philosophical issue of whether using induction to justify our beliefs is reasonable. We have memories and experience from past events that allow us to prepare for the future. Although the future is not certain, using generalizations and predictions, we can assume with some certainty that, what will happen tomorrow, will be similar, if not the same as what happened today. We use induction to predict events happening in the future or make generalizations based on previous information we have obtained for example, we can assume that during the day, the sun will pass over the sky and disappear at night. We can assume this because it has happened every day that we have cared to notice since we existed. We also make generalizations, for example, every spider I have seen had exactly eight legs, and therefore I can say that the next spider I see will have eight legs also. The conclusions of the above arguments arrived due to inductive reasoning but they do not necessarily have the same degree of certainty as the premises. Some spiders may carry a certain gene that when bred with a spider with a similar gene, may produce a six legged spider. Although the likely hood of that happening may be low, it is possible and therefore makes the argument invalid. Making a series of observations, however many, may be thought to imply a particular conclusion about some future event only if induction itself works. If a prediction turns out to be correct, it does not establish the reliability of induction, except inductively. How can a prediction or a conclusion to an inductive argument be justified? David Hume (1711-1776, cited in Sober, 2004) states that there is a missing premise in all inductive arguments. Inductive arguments take the form of Observation (1) in my experience, fires are hot Conclusion (2) therefore, all fires are hot Hume states that the inference from observation to conclusion is evidence that the induction argument above is not fully clear. Without a second thought, the argument passes from observation to conclusion and shows that we accept a principle connecting the two. Hume formulates this missing premise as the claim that the future will resemble the past; a principle that is normally overlooked because everyone thinks it to be common sense, but it is present in every instance of inductive reasoning. What Hume suggests to make the inference from observation to conclusion valid is a premise that he calls the principal of the uniformity of nature (PUN) This principal does not claim that the future will resemble the past in every respect, it merely states that in some respect, the future will resemble the past. The new argument takes the form Observation (1) in my experience, fires are hot (PUN) (2) Nature is uniform Conclusion (3) therefore, all fires are hot The above argument is now valid. The premises justify the conclusion. We must assume that PUN if an inductive argument is made. Sceptics may still find the conclusion not rationally justified and therefore would have to attack a premise. The obvious choice for a sceptic would be to attack premise 2. They would state that PUN is an inductive argument it self e. g. 1)For as long as I have observed, nature has been constant Therefore, (2) Nature in general is uniform An inductive argument cannot defend an inductive argument as that would be circular and PUN cannot be defended by a deductive argument as the observations we have made provide no evidence for this. Perhaps to defend the PUN, I could change the definition to fit a similar statement as â€Å"all circles are round. † Hume rejected this by stating that there would be no c ontradiction in supposing that the universe should suddenly change (Sober, 2004). Also PUN infers that the future resembles the past in some respect. This principal would not help me if I wanted to know how many legs spiders have in the future. If the future is only similar in some respect how can PUN be a reliable insight into the future? As shown above, PUN cannot be defended and therefore cannot be justified. Therefore the problem of induction is that all of the inductive inferences we make cannot be rationally justified, we cannot give a reason why we make the inferences we do. Hume suggested a solution to the problem of induction; he stated that because of our natural beliefs and basic instincts. When we are all born with the acceptance of PUN, every human and every animal has this trait. Perhaps we have obtained this from the countless years of evolution or a gift from a divine being. Wherever it comes from, it is set so deeply in our minds that we have no real choice about whether to accept it. We are able to momentarily forget about the principal, but nature soon reasserts itself and we begin to make generalizations and assumptions. Hume also state that when we are confronted with a natural belief, a belief that comes to us as naturally e. g. believing the sun will rise in the morning, we are rationally justified in accept it. A belief can be rational in this sense even though we cannot supply any convincing arguments for it. If two people therefore have different beliefs regarding the same situation e. g. the sun will rise tomorrow and the sun will not rise tomorrow, they can both be rationally justified if it is their natural beliefs that caused their decisions. What we are rationally entitled to believe depends on what sort of beliefs we have, and not just on the available evidence and argument. In conclusion, the problem of induction does not have a definite solution that every can agree to. A possible solution may be to believe in what we naturally believe in. Reference: Sober, E. ( 4th edn. 2004). Core Questions in Philosophy: A Text with Readings. Upper Saddle River NJ: Pearson Education Inc. http://explanation-guide. info/meaning/Problem-of-induction. html

Critically analyse and assess the trend towards globalization of the Assignment

Critically analyse and assess the trend towards globalization of the banking system and its impact on domestic banks. Identify a - Assignment Example The changes include demands from new trends as well as components within the internal organization that are being redefined. Definition of Research Problem The concept of banking is one which is based on national needs, as well as regional elements which are associated with various groups of individuals. However, globalization is beginning to change the internal and external environment while altering products and services offered by those who are a part of banking. This is now leading to several problems, specifically because of the different needs in various parts of the world. Currency exchanges, cost of living relationships, lending channels and basic operations are now being altered, specifically because of needs that are associated with different regions of the globe. The changes are now leading to alterations in market value and many banks which are either making changes domestically or which are becoming dependent on foreign investments and stocks for new opportunities with b anking (Cetorelli, Goldberg, 2008: 14). The research problem defines the problems which are occurring with global transfers as well as how this is redefining the services, products and transfers that are within various banking systems. Literature Review The concept of global banking is one which is now only beginning to surface as a way to work with the corporation of banking systems. In the past, there were basic services and products which were offered specific to the currency of a location. The services and products combined attributes of banking according to one’s culture, capital flows and the financial firms within a specific country. The changes today are now based on an expansion of services and products to help nations in various regions across the world while offering new products and services for changes with global banking. The concept of global banking systems includes the options of lower cost of capital, improved allocation and investments with property rights and institutions. The banking systems are incorporating micro-financing as well as basic services and products which can transfer across borders. Many in other countries are using this as one of the first methods for financing within the country (Mishkin, 2008: 135). The main capabilities for banking systems to establish at a global level come from the enhanced technology which doesn’t define the borders or other applications which are a part of the system. Information processing, telecommunications and other options are providing banks with new alternatives for going overseas. This is combined with the investment opportunities which are continuing to arise for those that are in the different countries. The financial technologies are one of the investments that are leading the way with those who are looking at global expansion from domestic relationships. However, this also limits the products and services which are available and defines a different type of system and sets of services which can be available overseas. Most that are transitioning into this are still experiencing barriers for entry with the government as well as with different needs that are from the technology and the expectations within a given country (Berger, 2007: 1955). Limitations to the Banking System While there are specific aspects that are related to technology, most are finding that this transition is one which is too new to offer complete security

Drama in literature Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Drama in literature - Research Paper Example entral idea of a drama or its theme is manifested through dialogue or action in the play or something which can be determined at the end of the entire show. Plot, as another significant element, pertains to the logical sequence of events within which distinct characters are connected. While the plot establishes the integral part of the play, the characters convey how plot should communicate the meaning or essence of drama, especially the theme being endorsed, to the target audience (Elements of Drama). Music which consists in the background score through songs and the sound effects the rhythm and melodious content of which serve as an ingredient element to enhance the quality of presentation, functions with the dialogue to stimulate further the intellect and sentiment of the viewers. Since drama is intended to be seen and heard at the same time, audio-visual aspects collaborate such that the visual element in costumes, props, and other visual effects make up the chief component that measures the extent to which the play is appealing to the each watcher (Elements of Drama). For the characters to develop the theme in drama, the actors playing distinct roles as such ought to assume them in a manner that displays realistic motives, thoughts and actions. As protagonist or the main character is met by the antagonist, there is in conflict a discovery of epiphany or revelation or anagnorisis, a truth signified through the pertinent acts being carried by the characters. On the other hand, the dimension, the type of atmosphere or setting in which the author or playwright locates the plot is showcased through differing background or physical environment to coincide with the progress of action. The setting includes lighting, paraphernalia as props, and gestures or movements that might contribute to animate and bring the play to achieve the life which is expected to flow with the drama and theme under development (Drama Guidelines). Essentially, the play is developed to